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diagnosis differential cardiology management coagulation endocarditis prolonged pt rheumatology amiodarone autoimmune blood breathing edema effusion electrocardiogram elevation erythematosus hemopericardium hemorrhagic
Causes of Abnormal PT and/or aPTT Prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT) 1. Acquired deficiency of FVII
Causes of Abnormal ... to one factor e.g ... e.g. heparin ... inhibitory drugs e.g ... #differential #hematology
Differential Diagnosis for a Prolonged PT and aPTT If the PT and the aPTT are both prolonged,
(e.g. heparin contamination ... inhibitory drugs (e.g ... specific inhibitor (e.g ... amyloidosis #Abnormal ... #differential #hematology
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework NCPE Pathophysiology: Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Causes include: ... edema • BNP level ... <100 pg/ml EKG ... Transfusion-related acute lung ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing Normal The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
Abnormalities in ... the medullary level ... Breathing #Patterns #Pulmonary ... #Abnormalities ... #PhysicalExam
Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusions (Hemopericardium)- Differential Diagnosis Framework IATROGENIC DISEASE Secondary to invasive cardiac procedures NONIATROGENIC • Malignancy (e.g., metastatic spread:
• Malignancy (e.g ... metastatic spread: lung ... patients with pulmonary ... OTHER RARE CAUSES ... Mediterranean fever
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary Epidemiology 1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
granulomas within the lungs ... symptoms are not caused ... of diagnosis (e.g ... Pulmonary: dyspnea ... (pain/abnormal
Amiodarone Induced Lung Toxicity Summary Who? • 5% of patients • Dose ≥ 400 mg per day How? Possible
Acute toxicity (e.g ... Chronic toxicity (e.g ... Fever 4. ... Exclude other causes ... Eosinophilia • Normal
Endocarditis Summary Who? Infectious: • Pre-existing valvular disease • Prosthetic valve • Congenital heart disease • IV substance use • IV catheter • Recent
verrucous) • Lung ... Cerebral > Splenic, pulmonary ... Septic Emboli Cause ... ↑ ESR, CRP • EKG ... : Conduction abnormalities
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) Suspect: Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
• Malignancy (e.g ... . hematologic) ... Endocrine disorders (e.g ... Minimal laboratory abnormalities ... vein thrombosis Hematologic
Causes of ST Segment Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Framework STEMI: • Upsloping convex STE: "Pardee's sign" +
Causes of ST Segment ... Repolarization Abnormalities ... QRS complex Pulmonary ... voltage Other Causes ... #ecg #ekg #electrocardiogram
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