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Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
loss, lethargy, fever ... • CT: Halo sign ... • Fever, weight ... Constitutional symptoms ... (fever, weight
The PA-film shows a silhouette sign of the left heart border.
Even without looking at the lateral
shows a silhouette sign ... consolidation due to a pneumonia ... Sterptococcus pneumoniae ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #Pneumonia
Causes of Acute Pediatric Cough - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
No Fever, No Tachypnea
 - Normal Chest Auscultation
Algorithm No Fever ... Bronchitis - No URTI Symptoms ... Fever, Tachypnea ... • Bacterial pneumonia ... Atypical or viral pneumonia
Interstitial pneumonias
An acute reticular pattern is most frequently caused by interstitial edema due to cardiac heart
Interstitial pneumonias ... cough and some fever ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #Acute #Interstitial ... #Pneumonia #PJP
Complications of Measles: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • ADEM -> Fever, headache, neck stiffness, BBD, mental
Pericarditis • Pneumonia ... SOB, fatigue, fever ... N/V, elevated liver ... Complications #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #pathophysiology
Lobar pneumonia
On the chest x-ray there is an ill-defined area of increased density in the right
Lobar pneumonia ... long standing symptoms ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #AirBronchogram ... #RUL #Lobar #Pneumonia
Measles (Rubeola) 
Clinical 
 • High fever 
 • Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis (The 3 C's)
Clinical • High fever ... comrnon) • Pneumonia ... KoplikSpots #Features #Symptoms ... #Signs
Venn Diagram - Does this patient have pneumonia?
Diagnosis is generally based on three lines of evidence:
infiltrate (e.g., CXR ... Inflammation (e.g., fever ... - Pulmonary symptoms ... chest pain) and signs ... #Pneumonia #Venn
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP)

Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia Overview:
 • Idiopathic form of organizing pneumonia
 • formerly BOOP
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia ... of organizing pneumonia ... cough, dyspnea, fever ... - Imaging: • CXR ... Treatment: •
Lung Abscess
Microbiology:
 • Polymicrobial 
 • Anaerobes (most common) 
Clinical: 
 • Indolent symptoms that evolve
• Indolent symptoms ... to rnonths • Fever ... , hemoptysis Treatment ... Pulmonary #Clinical #CXR