40 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Urinary Chloride ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... - Normal/low ... #causes #urinary
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... Algorithm Cl- ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... • Normal/low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Likely Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Loop or Thiazides ... Mineralocorticoid • Primary ... - Loop or Thiazides ... #algorithm #diagnosis
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... Cushing's syndrome, Primary ... , Loop diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... Hypernatremia #Classification
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... anhydrase inhibitors, loop ... ), Primary hyperaldosteronism ... , Osmotic diuresis ... syndrome (mimics loop
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
• Physiologic Diuresis ... urine (usually low ... kidney disease, Loop ... Diuretics, Recovery ... Increased intake (low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... Losses - Diuretics ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... Potassium #Table #Classification
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... Magnesium #Table #Classification