18 results
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
and Workup Blood ... Work: - Hypokalemia ... renal Mg++ wasting ... dominant kidney disease ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
- Differential Diagnosis ... Mineralocorticoid excess - Renal ... type 4) - Salt wasting ... #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Mg wasting syndromes ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Magnesium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... consumption • Low ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia Diagnostic Algorithm
To assess potassium excretion: perform 24-hour urine collection or alternatively obtain potassium-to-creatinine ratio on
Hypokalemia Diagnostic ... values suggest renal ... K wasting. ... Algorithm #TTKG #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
- Differential Diagnosis ... and Screening Testing ... disease - Renal ... Causes #Screening #Workup ... #table
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
can be high or low ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Commonly Used Diagnostic Tests for Celiac Disease

Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA antibodies
 - Most reliable noninvasive test
Commonly Used Diagnostic ... negative if on low-gluten ... #Testing #Laboratory ... #Tests #Diagnosis ... #Workup #Table
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... disease • Drugs ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... for glomerular disease ... in monitoring low-level ... #workup #diagnosis ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology