46 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Aldosterone: Liddle's Syndrome ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... potassium #low #nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential ... with short bowel syndrome ... salicylate toxicity causes ... Acidosis #HAGMA #Differential ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Diuretics, Bartter Syndrome ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... GRA, Cushing's syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome ... #Causes
Peripheral and Central Causes of Vertigo
Peripheral Causes (Common):
 - Labyrinth: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Méniére disease,
Peripheral Causes ... fistula, Cogan's syndrome ... ), Ramsay Hunt syndrome ... Lateral medullary syndrome ... Wallenberg syndrome
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
Neuropathy • Metabolic ... Paraprotein-associated (POEMS syndrome ... #Neuropathy #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
in Wonderland Syndrome ... (Many causes!) ... Alice #Wonderland #Syndrome ... #diagnosis #neurology ... #differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
tubal acidosis and metabolic ... Cerebral salt wasting syndrome ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... - Differential ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Metabolic acidosis ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
• Nephritic syndrome ... Excess: • Conn's syndrome ... Licorice • Liddle's syndrome ... Unilateral RAS Metabolic ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... excess, Liddle's syndrome ... Diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #potassium #nephrology