25 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Hypercalcemia ... Addison's disease, Hyperthyroidism ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... Hypermagnesemia, Hypothyroidism ... Testing #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Woltman’s sign on Physical Exam

53-year-old man presented with fatigue and sensitivity to cold. A physical examination
evaluation confirmed a diagnosis ... deep-tendon reflex, is a neurologic ... #PhysicalExam # ... Clinical #Video #Neurology ... #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... Lymphoma: NHL, CML ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #endocrinology
Trousseau's Sign of Hypocalcemia on Physical Exam

Carpopedal spasm caused by ischemia induced by an inflated blood
Trousseau's Sign ... of Hypocalcemia ... wrist, thumb, and MCP ... #PhysicalExam # ... #video #endocrinology
Reversible Neurocognitive Disorders (Reversible Causes of "Dementia")
 • Structural/Mass: Subdural Hematoma, NPH, Intracranial tumor
 • Infection:
Endocrine: Hypo/hyperthyroidism ... insufficiency, Hypercalcemia ... Disorders #dementia #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... vitamin A intake • Hyperthyroidism ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
Diagnosis: ... ↑ T3 - Mild hypercalcemia ... #causes #diagnosis ... #differential # ... endocrinology #signs
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Increased ... blockers - MCW ... #Differential #
Hypothyroidism – symptoms and signs.

Symptoms: 
Tiredness/malaise, 
Weight gain,
Anorexia,
Cold intolerance, 
Poor memory,
Change in appearance, 
Depression, 
Poor libido,
Hypothyroidism – ... symptoms and signs ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis ... #PhysicalExam # ... Endocrinology