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diagnosis differential management nephrology neurology dermatology pediatrics peds hematology cardiology treatment endocrinology obgyn hyperkalemia workup hypokalemia ddxof acute chronic obstetrics
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... (K) & magnesium( ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes
Antiarrhythmic Drugs CLASS IA • Procainamide, Quinidine, Disopyramide CLASS 1B • Lidocaine, Mexiletine CLASS 2 • Propranolol, Esmolol CLASS 4
• Adenosine, Magnesium ... , Potassium # ... #Medications #Classes
Intern Pocket Cards - Electrolyte Repletion Guide Electrolyte Repletion: - Potassium (ref range 3.5-4.5) - Magnesium (ref
Repletion: - Potassium ... range 3.5-4.5) - Magnesium ... inpatient #internship #potassium ... phosphate #phosphorus #magnesium
Potassium Electrolyte Repletion If patient also has hypomagnesemia, replete magnesium before repleting potassium Oral: • Pills (ask pharmacy
Potassium Electrolyte ... hypomagnesemia, replete magnesium ... before repleting potassium ... Intravenous (can cause ... SatyaPatelMD #Potassium
Checklist Approach to Hypokalemia Consider risk factors for arrhythmia: - EKG changes (especially QT prolongation) - Digoxin
Evaluation - Check magnesium ... EKG) Consider magnesium ... arrhythrnia (aggressive magnesium ... Enteral potassium ... Intravenous potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Hyperkalemia is caused ... by excess potassium ... intake, impaired potassium ... rarely the sole cause
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 Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
= (urine magnesium ... )/ [0.7 (serum magnesium ... loss, shift of magnesium ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Magnesium Electrolyte Repletion Oral - Only do if patient does not tolerate IV • Magnesium oxide (can
Magnesium Electrolyte ... tolerate IV • Magnesium ... oxide (can cause ... diarrhea and cause ... complex (does not cause
Causes of Hypermagnesemia Increased magnesium load - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Causes of Hypermagnesemia ... Increased magnesium ... load - Magnesium-containing ... Increased renal magnesium ... Hypermagnesemia #Causes
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