11 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... gap metabolic acidosis ... the indicated causes ... settings, the urine sodium ... the excretion of sodium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... acidosis: Gl tract ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Renal tubular ... acidosis (type ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... Metabolic alkalosis ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... acidosis: Proximal ... #diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... with renal tubal acidosis ... and metabolic alkalosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... distal convoluted tubule ... syndrome, Renal tubular ... acidosis (RTA))
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... filtration rate by tubulo-glomerular ... metabolic acidosis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Exercise - Metabolic ... Acidosis - ... Decreased distal tubule ... sodium and water
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Non-Anion Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis • Hyperosmolarity ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology ... #Causes