14 results
Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Red Urine:
 • Medical conditions: bleeding, porphyria, factitious disorder
 • Meds: rifampin,
Diagnosis Red Urine ... : • Any cause of ... dyes typically cause ... Urine: • Medical ... discoloration #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Possible Causes ... of Altered Urine ... Purple (Purple Urine ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... - Diagnostic of ... disorders or excreted medications ... Microscopy #Atlas #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urine chloride is ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Recent IV potassium ... Medications 2. ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... : Differential Diagnosis ... other • Severe potassium ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Recent IV potassium ... Medications 2. ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic ... correcting serum potassium ... Other medications ... continued in most cases ... differential #algorithm #nephrology
Nephrolithiasis: Medications Associated with Renal Stones
 • Hypercalciuria: Furosemide, Topiramate, Vitamin D/Calcium, Glucocorticoids
 • Precipitation of
Nephrolithiasis: Medications ... /metabolite in urine ... Renal #Stones #pharmacology ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology