21 results
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Classification of PCL Iniuries
 • Partial: Translation <
Cruciate Ligament (PCL ... Classification of PCL ... Complete isolated PCL ... : The PCL is injured ... = Isolated PCL
Positive Varus Stress Test in LCL Injury

Interesting knee injury in a young basketball player who landed
Stress Test in LCL ... of the lateral collateral ... ligament (LCL), ... Varus #StressTest #LCL ... PhysicalExam #Sports #Orthopedics
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Chloride • Cl- ... Kidney loss of Cl ... - Loss of Cl ... Cystic fibrosis) • Cl ... #Algorithm #causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Algorithm Volume ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Cl- responsive ... Kidney loss of Cl ... • Loss of Cl- ... Cystic fibrosis Cl ... the indicated causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Volume ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Hypertensive ... Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl ... #causes #low #potassium
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Acidosis (Check Blood Gas ... Likely Metabolic Alkalosis ... Contraction Urine Cl ... Elevated #metabolic #alkalosis ... #algorithm #diagnosis
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Disorders - Blood Gas ... Steps for Blood Gas ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Interpretation #Diagnosis
RADIAL HEAD FRACTURE 
Radial head fractures are the most common elbow fracture in adults and are
is seen, treat as ... Ligamentous injury (LCL ... > MCL), coronoid ... II-IV, pending orthopedic ... Radiology #XRay #Diagnosis