51 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... solute load #Polyuria ... #causes #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
: Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... Causes of Hematuria ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... Polyuria - Urine ... Recovery from Acute Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... Nephrogenic DI (Renal ... Hereditary, Lithium, Hypercalcemia ... without ↑ urine ... #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Increased Serum K = Hyperkalemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hyperoxaluria • Hypercalcemia ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hyperkalemic Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 4 - 

Failure to acidify urine in collecting duct
Hyperkalemic Distal ... Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Failure to acidify urine ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Nephrology #RenalTubular
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... diuresis (see Polyuria ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Causes