9 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential ... Gitelman syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... acidosis: Chronic ... diarrhea, Kidney ... acidosis: Diabetic
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI losses - Chronic ... diarrhea / IBD ... Renal Loses - Medications ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... #Differential #
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Gitelman syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... acidosis • Chronic ... acidosis • Diabetic ... of sodium and potassium ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Correction of diabetic ... biliary fistula - Diarrhea ... osmotic diuresis - Potassium ... Causes #diagnosis #differential ... #medications #drugs
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Diarrhea B. ... Potassium-sparing ... #Acidosis #differential
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Recent IV potassium ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... infusions) - Metabolic ... Medications 2.
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Recent IV potassium ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... infusions) - Metabolic ... Medications 2.
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
from hormonal and metabolic ... Malnutrition due to chronic ... Poorly controlled diabetes ... Palpitations • Diarrhea ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Metabolic alkalosis ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology