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diagnosis msk rheumatology pain approach causes dermatology knee vasculitis workup acute algorithm alopecia autoimmune classification clinical comparison degenerative dislocation effusions
Approach to Joint Pain History: Is the pain from: • Joint • Adjacent bursa • Tendon • Ligament • Bone • Muscle • Referred from
present both at rest ... trauma (e.g., meniscal ... e.g., congenital hip ... osteopetrosis, avascular ... approach #workup #differential
Approach to Joint Pain - Diagnostic Framework 1) Chronicity 2) Inflammatory vs Non-Inflammatory 3) Number of Joints Involved 1) Chronicity:
spondyloarthropathies, lupus ... Lyme), reactive arthritis ... Non-bloody: OA, avascular ... - parvovirus, HIV ... approach #workup #differential
Distinguishing between Inflammatory and Degenerative joint disease Inflammatory Joint Disease • Swelling stimulates joint nociceptors -> Pain
nociceptors -> Pain with rest ... in Rheumatoid arthritis ... , Lupus, etc) -> ... affects the knee hip ... > Stiffness is short-lived
Causes of Knee Effusions - Differential Diagnosis Framework Knee Effusion Red Flags: 1. Fever/Chills/Joint pain/Night sweats/Weight loss - DDX: -
Knee Effusions - Differential ... Fever/Chills/Joint ... Seronegative Reactive Syndrome ... Ligamentous injuries - Meniscal ... diagnosis #msk #physicalexam
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain: • Fracture • Arthritis • Gout/pseudogout
Leg Pain - Differential ... • Arthritis ... Herpes zoster - HIV ... #Leg #pain #differential ... extremity #msk #physicalexam
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) Suspect: Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
, inflammatory arthritis ... permanent alopecia Differential ... Joint pain • Swan ... arthropathy • 90% joints ... • Malar rash - spares
Differential Diagnosis of Acute Arthritis Crystal-induced arthritis: Calcium oxalate, gout, cholesterol, pseudogout, hydroxyapatite crystals Infectious arthritis: Bacteria, fungi,
Differential Diagnosis ... : Behçet syndrome ... sarcoid, systemic lupus ... : Amyloidosis, avascular ... hyperlipoproteinemia,* meniscal
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 Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework When to Consider Vasculitis: • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions •
inflammation Others: • Lupus ... eruption - Joints ... such as systemic lupus ... retinopathy Lab Tests ... Cryoglobulins • HIV
Causes of Petechial Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Pinpoint areas (less than 2 mm) of hemorrhage, which
Petechial Rash - Differential ... Disruptions in vascular ... Autoimmune Vasculitis (lupus ... Fecal occult blood test ... #dermatology #physicalexam
Allopecia - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Hair Loss Localized / Focal Hair Loss Pattern: • Scarring Alopecia:
Allopecia - Differential ... Disease: Discoid lupus ... Scarring Alopecia: Lupus ... , Loose anagen syndrome ... texture at bald spots
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