10 results
Electrolyte imbalances are common findings in many diseases. The kidney is a principally responsible organ for
findings in many diseases ... and symptoms, from ... #Hyponatremia #hypokalemia ... #hypocalcemia ... #electrolyte #algorithm
Symptoms and Signs of Hypocalcemia
Muscular: Weakness, fatigue, Spasms, cramps
Neurologic: Tetany, Chvostek sign, Trousseau sign, Circumoral and
Symptoms and Signs ... of Hypocalcemia ... Hallucinations, dementia ... secretion #Hypocalcemia ... #Symptoms #Signs
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... Inflammatory Bowel Disease ... #endocrinology ... #causes
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer’s Disease ... chromosome 21) Signs ... episodic and semantic memory ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia ... #symptoms
Evaluation and Management of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia is often asymptomatic. Evaluation begins with a search for warning signs
Hypokalemia is ... search for warning signs ... or symptoms warranting ... Most cases of hypokalemia-induced ... #Evaluation #Algorithm
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
disorders including hypokalemia ... renal bruit or signs ... hormonal excess or hypokalaemia ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Renal parenchymal disease
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... To prevent hypokalemia ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... Abdominal pain, nausea ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... : • Hyperkalemia ... Labia major & minor ... pathophysiology #genetics #endocrinology
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
goiter (Graves' disease ... ↑ T3 - Mild hypercalcemia ... hyperthyroidism #causes ... #differential #endocrinology ... #signs #symptoms
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
, oral cavity) Caused ... ) Peptic Ulcer disease ... Cataracts Labs: Hypokalemia ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology