16 results
Mitral Stenosis and Left Atrial Thrombus on Echocardiogram (a4c)

Mitral stenosis is a risk factor for LA
Mitral Stenosis ... and Left Atrial Thrombus ... Echocardiogram (a4c ... ) Mitral stenosis ... #Thrombus #a4c
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... stenosis Rheumatic ... disease Infective endocarditis ... myxoma)/ball valve thrombus ... #stenosis #Causes
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Mitral Regurgitation ... Marfan's Disease Mitral ... • Rupture • Endocarditis ... Fever • Trauma Mitral ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... fever, Infective endocarditis ... fever, Infective endocarditis ... Ring fracture, Thrombus ... diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Causes of Ischemic Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Important to determine and treat the etiology behind because
Causes of Ischemic ... * • Valvular: Mitral ... stenosis, Prosthetic ... valve • Endocarditis ... Structural: myxoma, thrombus
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... stenosis - Infective ... /marantic endocarditis ... tumors: Most common cause ... #Causes #Primary
Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Massive Hemoptysis: >150-300 mL in 24h
Airway disease: 
 • Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Malignancy
PNA, Abscess), Viral ... • Valvular (Mitral ... stenosis or regurgitation ... , Tricuspid endocarditis ... Diagnosis #pulmonary #causes
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Direct: Clot (LV thrombus ... , LAA Thrombus), ... - Most Common Cause ... Minor: • < 25% stenosis ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Physiologic Causes ... • Infective Endocarditis ... • Mitral Regurgitation ... • Mitral Stenosis ... • Tricuspid Stenosis
Blood Stasis and Smoke on Echocardiogram (a4c)
Smoking symbol = Blood stasis without mitral stenosis
Other causes Restrictive
Echocardiogram (a4c ... stasis without mitral ... stenosis Other ... causes Restrictive ... Echocardiogram #a4c