16 results
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Recreational drugs, Poisons ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #neurology
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Possible Causes ... Conditions: blue diaper ... Urine #Colored #Discoloration ... Differential #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Red Urine:
 • Medical conditions: bleeding, porphyria, factitious disorder
 • Meds: rifampin,
Urine: • Any cause ... dyes typically cause ... Diagnosis #urinalysis #discoloration ... #nephrology
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
(<10%): fever, rash ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... proteinuria, granular casts ... AIN #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal ... syndrome (blue diaper ... Syndrome - UTI caused ... #Urine #Color #discoloration ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
cell/white cell casts ... maculopapular rash ... vesicular rash, ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Burns • Trauma/Crush ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Staphylococcus-associated GlomeruloNephritis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
CLINICAL
 • Nephritic syndrome (Casts)
 • Marked proteinuria (may be
Nephritic syndrome (Casts ... • Vasculitic rash ... GlomeruloNephritis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... Lysis (TLS, rhabdo/crush ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... only if no clear cause ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Burns • Trauma/Crush ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology