12 results
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
PhaseCa++ channels ... Classification: CLASS ... duration - CLASS ... duration - CLASS ... 1C: Strong Blockade
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Classification: CLASS ... duration: - CLASS ... duration - CLASS ... 1C: Strong Blockade ... Vaughan #Williams #Pharmacology
Common sodium channel blockers which cause QRS widening.

Anticonvulsants: 
 - Carbamazepine 
Antidysrhythmics:  
 - Group
Common sodium channel ... widening #ECG #EKG #Pharmacology ... Medications #Toxicology #Diagnosis ... #Differential # ... Drugs #Classes
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
 • Onset: Sudden
 • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
and upbeat (fast phase ... toward forehead) in classic ... can be severe in stroke ... Usually little change ... Central #Vertigo #diagnosis
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
Hearing Loss - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Diabetes mellitus • Stroke ... (80% to 90% of cases ... #Diagnosis #otology
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
Diagnosis = clinical ... very remarkable w/differential ... : On one hand, classic ... headaches, vision changes ... identifies 85 to 95% of cases
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Vasculitis - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... diminished, or tender pulses ... and gray matter changes ... tract, and often causes
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
in HIV / AIDS - Differential ... present in 15% of cases ... confusion, personality change ... enhancement on CT ... vomiting, visual changes
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
b) CHF c) CVA ... ASA class If ... Change in clinical ... • <6mo since stroke ... stratification #diagnosis
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
Vasculitides - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... tract, and often causes ... Palpable purpura: strong ... • ANA (Suggest CTD