52 results
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Cardiac, Vascular, Alveolar ... Algorithm #pulmonary #Aa
Examples of varying granular and granular/waxy mixed casts: 
A: coarse granular/broad-waxy (and surrounding white blood cells);
granular/waxy mixed casts ... #Granular #MuddyBrown ... #Casts #Urine #
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
first part of alveolar ... second part of alveolar ... gas equation • Causes ... across capillary-alveolar ... • Most common cause
Acute Hypoxemia - Differential Diagnosis
 • Hyperacute: Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary Edema, Mucous Plugging, Bronchospasm, Pulmonary Embolism,
Pneumothorax, Alveolar ... ARDS, Diffuse Alveolar ... AVMs • Focal Alveolar ... Pulmonary Edema, Alveolar ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hemoptysis - BATTLE CAMP Mnemonic:

Bronchitis 
Bronchiectasis 
Aspergilloma 
Tumor 
Tuberculosis 
Lung abscess 
Emboli (pulmonary) 
Coagulopathy
Causes of Hemoptysis ... malformation Alveolar ... BATTLECAMP #Mnemonic #Causes
COVID-19 - How does it affect you? 
Gas Exchange 
Each sac of air, or alveolus, is
sac of air, or alveolus ... Two alveolar cells ... that the oxygen passes ... that lines the alveolus ... them into the alveolus
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy
A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
“Muddy Brown” Casts ... of mb granular casts ... #Granular #MuddyBrown ... #Casts #Urine #
Beginner's Guide to End-Tital Capnography
4 Phases of the Capnoqram
I - Inspiration and expiration Of dead space
II
with ventilated alveoli ... Ill - alveolar ... of inspiration Uses ... delayed time to alveolar
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Age-Adjusted Gradient • Alveolar ... UnremarkableLab #AA ... #Gradient #alveolar
Muddy Brown Sclera: Brownish discoloration of sclera occasionally seen in African Americans. 
It is a variant
Ophthalmology #Normal #MuddyBrown ... #Sclera #AA #Photo