25 results
Here are very large, immature myeloblasts with many nucleoli. A distincitve feature of these blasts is
large, immature myeloblasts ... myelogenous leukemia (AML ... Path #BloodSmear #Blood ... Microscopy #Auer #Rods #AuerRods ... #AML
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
the peripheral blood ... Blast cells - Blood ... blast cells - Blood ... -> AML: Blast crises ... Neutrophils • Immature/Myeloblasts
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Congenital chloride diarrhea ... - Normal/low blood ... gap metabolic acidosis ... : Chronic diarrhea ... , Chronic salicylate
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
Acid Base and Blood ... Respiratory Acidosis ... Vomiting D - Diarrhea ... gap metabolic acidosis ... nickmmark #acidbase #workup
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Evaluation of Chronic ... Diarrhea (< 7 days ... leukocytes and occult blood ... 1000 g/24 h) #Chronic ... #algorithm #workup
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Congenital chloride diarrhea ... • Normal/low blood ... • Chronic diarrhea ... • Chronic salicylate ... due to diarrhea
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... insufficiency (GFR 20-50 ml ... Loss of HCO3 - Diarrhea ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Base Disorders - Blood ... Interpretation Steps for Blood ... Acute or chronic ... : - Diarrhea ... /Chronic renal failure
Blood Gas (ABG) Interpretation and Acid-Base Pathology
1- Does the patient have an acidosis or an alkalosis?
Blood Gas (ABG) ... patient have an acidosis ... is a metabolic acidosis ... need to do more work ... = ANION GAP - Amy
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
Contraindications: • Chronic ... initiate if eGFR < 45 mL ... continue if eGFR < 30 mL ... effects (e.g. diarrhea ... causing lactic acidosis