11 results
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... #Causes #neurology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Differential # ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
in Wonderland Syndrome ... encephalitis) • Brain ... • Psychiatric disorders ... #diagnosis #neurology ... #differential
Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders

Thalami, Mammillary Bodies and Tectum: Wernicke Encephalopathy
Dentate Nuclei: Metronidazole,
Brain Disorders ... Globi Pallidi T2 Low ... #Brain #Disorders ... #Clinical #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Radiology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential # ... diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Algorithm #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Causes of Status Epilepticus in Adults
METABOLIC DISTURBANCES
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hypocalcemia
Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
Hyponatremia
Uremia
INFECTIOUS PROCESSES
Central nervous system abscess
Encephalitis
Meningitis
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES
Alcohol
Antiepileptic drugs
Baclofen
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
CENTRAL
in Adults METABOLIC ... hyperglycemia Hyponatremia ... malformations Brain ... #Seizures #Differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Non-neuromuscular disorder ... nervous system: Brain ... #Diagnosis #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
parietal lobes of the brain ... Reversible course Differential ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... nonconvulsive status epilepticus ... #neurology