30 results
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Renal Causes of ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
cells FEMg >4% = renal ... if renal function ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Gittelman's syndrome • Magnesium ... aldosterone • Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
potassium(K) & magnesium ... suggests extra-renal ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Magnesium ... Classification #Causes
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
EABV) - Consider: Hypovolemia ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... solute intake, Renal ... differential #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... diuretics • NSAIDs ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis - Illness Script
 • Epidemiology: Asian men age 20-30 with hyperthyroidism of any
and menses • Pathophysiology ... hormone • Symptoms/signs ... Labs/lmaging: Hypokalemia ... +/- low TSH with ... Potassium and magnesium
Shock Classification Types - Pathophysiology Comparison

Obstructive Shock:
 • Obstructive shock is characterized by a blockage in
caused by a massive ... Depends on the cause ... Characterized by hypovolemia ... characterized by low ... #criticalcare #diagnosis