19 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... hematuria • Signs ... → Diagnostic of ... GN or vasculitis ... #nephrology #renal
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... Glomerulonephritis / Vasculits ... #nephrology #causes
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
pulmonary and renal ... tract, and often causes ... purpura: strong sign ... • Complement (Low ... • Urinalysis (Renal
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
life threatening complications ... suggests extra-renal ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
IgA Vasculitis – Henoch Scholein Purpura: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 - Infectious Agents - 50% have
periumbilical region), nausea ... Intussusception - Renal ... nephritic syndrome, renal ... HenochScholeinPurpura #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
patient has good renal ... produces them when low ... precipitant. 5) treat low ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... Hypertension - Renal ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
hair follicles -> causes ... Livedo Reticularis, Vasculitis ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
retroperitoneal masses ... Obstruction of blood flow ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis