2335 results
Thiazide
diuretics
Carbonic anhydrase
inhibitors
(e.g., acetazolamide)
Nat-Cl symport
Na and HCO;-
reabsorption
Aldosterone
antagonists
(e.g., spironolactone)
Nat channel
(indirect effect)
Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide)
Amiloride,
#triamterene
Nat-K+-2CF symport
Na channel
(direct effect)
#NaCI reabsorption
acetazolamide) Nat-Cl ... symport Na and ... spironolactone) Nat ... #triamterene Nat-K ... +-2CF symport Na
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Table

 • Step 1: Correct for hyperglycemia. Corrected Na = [(glucose - 100)/
Hyponatremia Differential ... Corrected Na = [ ... Urine Osm • Na ... of total body Na ... #Hyponatremia #Differential
Hypo-osmolar Hypotonic HypoNatremia Algorithm (Serum Na+ < 135 meq/L, serum Osm < 275 mosm/kg)
Assess Volume Status,
Algorithm (Serum Na ... Status, Check Urine Na ... Diagnosis #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Stimulation of Na ... #Hypokalemia #Differential
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Solute Diuresis
 • Na intake/saline
 • Glucosuria: Hyperglycemia, SGLT-2 inhibitors
 • Urea: Exogenous
Polyuria - Differential ... Solute Diuresis • Na ... #Polyuria #Differential
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
Generalized Edema - Differential ... retention, Urine Na ... #Generalized #Differential
Acid Base Disorders Worksheet

Step 1: Gather the necessary data (Na+, CI-, HCO3-, PH, pCO2). Preferably, all
necessary data (Na ... significant anion gap (Na ... diagnoses using the differentials ... Worksheet #diagnosis #differential
Differential Diagnosis for Saddle Nose Deformities

Infectious: Syphilis, Leprosy, TB, Cutaneous Leishmaniosis, Septal abscess
Inflammatory: GCA (formerly Wegner’s),
Differential Diagnosis ... polychondritis Malignancy: NK ... Deformities #Deformity #Differential
Multiple masses
The differential diagnostic list of multiple masses is very long.
The most important diagnoses are listed
Multiple masses The differential ... is difficult to differentiate ... Multiple #Massess #Differential
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
Ketoacidosis (AK ... Recall, NAD+ is ... Patients with AK ... In both SK and AK ... #diagnosis #differential