21 results
Nephron Remodeling as a Mechanism of Diuretic Resistance. When high doses of loop diuretics are used
a Mechanism of Diuretic ... doses of loop diuretics ... thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride ... channel, and the chloride–bicarbonate ... #Pathophysiology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... fibrosis • Remote diuretic ... Bartter's Syndrome, Gitelman's ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic Action and Resistance. Panel A, loop diuretics circulate bound to protein. As
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic ... compete with chloride ... sodium–potassium–chloride ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephro #IM #LoopDiuretic
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... delivery to distal nephron ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... - Bartter - Gitelman ... #Pathophysiology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... Thiazide or loop diuretics ... after renal tubule diuretic ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Surreptitious diuretic ... • Congenital chloride ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman