14 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... 1 . ... Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... #Diagnosis #Workup
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... renal mechanism 2) ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Evaluation Algorithm

Step 1: Consider whether Posm may actually be normal or elevated
Step 2:
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic ... Algorithm Step 1: ... elevated Step 2: ... tests Step 5: If SIADH ... #Diagnosis #Workup
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
output is a clue). 1) ... water unavailable 2) ... can also be complex ... ([Na] / 140) - 1) ... #sodium
SIADH Treatment Options
1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
Options 1. ... Basically anything 2. ... purposes, restrict to 1 ... promoting passive sodium ... #Management #hyponatremia
Orthopedic Emergencies
Compartment Syndrome
 • An increase in compartment pressure to the point where tissue perfusion is
- Remove all ... Syndrome • Syndrome caused ... • Management: 1. ... • Diagnosis: ... vs Neurogenic Shock
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... 3 questions to work ... 1) Is it hypotonic ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... #sodium
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... encephalopathy) 2. ... #causes #stroke
Primary Polydipsia
Definition: Excessive volitional water intake
Epidemiology:
 • 6-20% of patients with psychiatric disorders - Most commonly
occurs in only 2- ... in one study, all ... Pseudohyponatremia, SIADH ... intoxication Initial Workup ... , Urine Sodium
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
multiple spinal cord ... involves: (1) ... the limbs; (2) ... Increased Jaw Jerk reflex ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology