12 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... 1 . ... Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... #Diagnosis #Workup
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... renal mechanism 2) ... #nephrology #sodium
Shock Classification
Shock Definition: State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
Stages: 1. ... tissue perfusion 2. ... brain or spinal cord ... decompensated heart ... due to loss of sodium
Shock Types - Classification
State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
Stages: 1. ... tissue perfusion 2. ... brain or spinal cord ... decompensated heart ... due to loss of Sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... +K / serum Na >1 ... renal perfusion (Heart ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... illness → Hypernatremia ... Multi-system illness: 1. ... encephalopathy) 2.
Orthopedic Emergencies
Compartment Syndrome
 • An increase in compartment pressure to the point where tissue perfusion is
at level of the heart ... the level of the heart ... • Management: 1. ... • Diagnosis: ... vs Neurogenic Shock
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... 3 questions to work ... 1) Is it hypotonic ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... #sodium
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework

HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES:
Hyperviscosity Syndrome:
 • Spontaneous bleeding
 • Shortness of breath
of breath • Neurologic ... Epidural Spinal Cord ... triad (muffled heart ... possible coma SIADH ... : • Hyponatremia
How do you work up an ischemic CVA?
A) Initial Evaluation
 • ABCs
 • IV access, monitor
Non-contrast CT (NCCT) head ... ischemic CVA (core ... - Defined if 1) ... non-lacunar CVA 2) ... #neurology