14 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... administration Step 3. ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... is usually caused ... to work through ... demyelination syndrome ... management #nephrology #sodium
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
tests + imaging 3) ... Alzheimer - 1st cause ... Aphaso-apraxo-agnosia syndrome ... Differential #Subtypes #Classification ... #Workup #Diagnosis
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... , ARDS, DIC) 3. ... #causes #stroke
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Prevalence: 1-2 cases ... -50, Females 2-3 ... (positive in 2/3 ... antibody that works ... others (botox, sodium
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
or proteinase 3 ... tract, and often causes ... are proteinase 3 ... #rheumatology # ... classification
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Overview

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon hematological malignancy arising from mature B cells. It
symptoms in 1/3 ... ) Classification ... Hodgkin Lymphoma Workup ... lymph node biopsy (diagnostic ... #classification
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Diagnosis: • Dry ... Hypocomplementemia • Can cause ... biliary cirrhosis: 3% ... #Rheumatology # ... Diagnosis #Management