17 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... renal mechanism 2) ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Kidney Injury (AKI ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... Emboli, Thrombosis, Vasculitis ... Nephrolithiasis) • Neurogenic
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Kidney Injury - Classification ... a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... - Small vessel vasculitis ... obstruction) • Neurogenic ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... : • Behçet Syndrome ... • Cogan Syndrome ... ) - 2 relevant ... #rheumatology #classification
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis ... EGPA) • Renal: (AKI ... palpable purpura 2/ ... 2 vasculitis, ulcers ... mononeuritis multiplex WORKUP
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
loss of autonomy 2) ... Aphaso-apraxo-agnosia syndrome ... cause after 65 yrs ... Differential #Subtypes #Classification ... #Workup #Diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... 3 questions to work ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... demyelination syndrome ... management #nephrology #sodium
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Acute stroke syndromes ... leukodystrophies 2. ... dystrophies Work ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
- Differential Diagnosis ... Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... encephalopathy) 2.