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diagnosis differential nephrology algorithm management psychiatry anticonvulsants bulimianervosa causes complications criticalcare gitelman heat heatstroke hypokalemia illness lactate lactic mechanism moodstabilizers
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... • nephrotic syndrome ... renal failure #Hypernatremia
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... Extrarenal Hypernatremia ... Ingestion Renal Hypernatremia ... MatthewHoMD #Hypernatremia ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... and Treatment Hyponatremia ... 3 questions to work ... Treatment of hyponatremia ... demyelination syndrome
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ... -> Withdrawal seizure ... vomiting, diarrhea, hyponatremia ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2) • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Ischemia, Compartment Syndrome ... Hypothermia & Shivering, Seizures ... Beta-Agonists, ↑ work ... toxic alcohols, Sodium ... in Short Bowel Syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications GASTROINTESTINAL • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation • Recurrent vomiting exposes
• Boerhaave syndrome ... lead to metabolic acidosis ... hypochloremia, hypernatremia ... Complications #pathophysiology
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