29 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... • nephrotic syndrome ... renal failure #Hypernatremia
Hyponatremia - Correction for Hyperglycemia

#Diagnosis #Pseudohyponatremia #Hyperglycemia #Glucose #Correction #Formula #Sodium #Na
Hyponatremia - Correction ... #Diagnosis #Pseudohyponatremia ... Correction #Formula #Sodium
Diagnostic Approach to Hyponatremia
Box A:
 • Normo/hyperosmolar Hyponatremia: Glucose, Mannitol, Glycine, Contrast media, Maltose
 • Pseudohyponatremia:
Diagnostic Approach to Hyponatremia ... Normo/hyperosmolar Hyponatremia ... media, Maltose • Pseudohyponatremia ... 8, Somnolence, Seizures ... Wilkinsonjonny #Hyponatremia
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Evaluation of Hyponatremia ... nausea, confusion, seizures ... EM #IM #Nephro #Hyponatremia ... #Hypervolemic #Pseudohyponatremia
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... Extrarenal Hypernatremia ... Ingestion Renal Hypernatremia ... MatthewHoMD #Hypernatremia ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... administration #Hypernatremia ... Causes #nephrology #sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia ... irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... SatyaPatelMD #Hyponatremia
True serum sodium (corrected) based on serum glucose #Diagnosis #Hyponatremia #Pseudohyponatremia #Hyperglycemia #Glucose #Correction #Table
True serum sodium ... glucose #Diagnosis #Hyponatremia ... #Pseudohyponatremia
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... - Hypervolemic hypernatremia ... - Cushing's syndrome ... - Normovolemic hypernatremia ... Renal hypovolemic hypernatremia
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... and Treatment Hyponatremia ... Treatment of hyponatremia ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures