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diagnosis nephrology differential pathophysiology algorithm anticoagulation bulimianervosa causes gitelman heat heatstroke hypokalemia illness management psychiatry signs stroke symptoms toxicity toxicology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity Hypernatremia (HyperNa): - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
Toxicity Hypernatremia ... solutions may have ↑ sodium ... paired with a lower sodium ... Anion-Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... dysfunction or low
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... - Metabolic acidosis ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Renal tubular acidosis ... diarrhea Potential Complications ... tachycardia • Seizures
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications GASTROINTESTINAL • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation • Recurrent vomiting exposes
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications ... • Boerhaave syndrome ... hormonal imbalances (low ... lead to metabolic acidosis ... hypochloremia, hypernatremia
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