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diagnosis differential nephrology algorithm criticalcare causes lactate treatment agitation alkalosis chloride classification delirium elevation esophageal foamed gastroenterology gitelman heat heatstroke
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2) • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Lactic Acidosis ... Ischemia, Compartment Syndrome ... Hypothermia & Shivering, Seizures ... toxic alcohols, Sodium ... in Short Bowel Syndrome
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... ketoacidosis • D-lactic ... the excretion of sodium
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure ... Possible DIC - Mild lactic
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Lactate Elevation, Lactic ... circulation If drugs, seizures ... Heavy exercise - Seizures ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Esophageal Necrosis Etiology: - Ischemia and Gastric Outlet Obstruction with GERD may be inciting events - Associated
Stevens-Johnson syndrome ... hepatitis and lactic ... acidosis, and Aortic ... initial event (low ... Necrosis #diagnosis #management
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures ... diagnosis #nephrology #management
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
But we also have Lactic ... Acidosis as well ... for Refeeding Syndrome ... both conditions, low ... differential #algorithm #management
Pain, Agitation, and Delirium (PAD) in the ICU Addressing the ICU Triad (PAD) can be accomplished through
Propofol infusion syndrome ... can result in lactic ... acidosis. ... Can give in low ... CriticalCare #diagnosis #management
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