7 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
Shock Overview ... Renal: metabolic acidosis ... liver failure, neurogenic ... Classification #diagnosis #management ... #Overview #criticalcare
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
Shock Overview ... Renal: metabolic acidosis ... liver failure, neurogenic ... Classification #diagnosis #management ... #Overview #criticalcare
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... - Metabolic acidosis ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Overview What ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures ... diagnosis #nephrology #management
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Sjogren's Syndrome ... Overview Epidemiology ... renal tubular acidosis ... Membranoproliferative GN • Nephrogenic ... Rheumatology #Diagnosis #Management