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diagnosis differential nephrology causes alkalosis chloride criticalcare lactate management urinary classification elevation foamed gitelman heat heatstroke hypokalemia hyponatremia hypotonic illness
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... ketoacidosis • D-lactic ... the excretion of sodium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... ketoacidosis, D-lactic
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2) • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Lactic Acidosis ... Ischemia, Compartment Syndrome ... Hypothermia & Shivering, Seizures ... toxic alcohols, Sodium ... Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... • Labs: - Metabolic ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
impairment of cellular metabolism ... sweat) - its metabolism ... Heavy exercise - Seizures ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
But we also have Lactic ... The metabolism of ... for Refeeding Syndrome ... both conditions, low ... #differential #algorithm
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