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diagnosis differential nephrology hyponatremia management algorithm edema ncpe neurology noncardiogenic psychiatry pulmonary abdominal adh anticonvulsants bulimianervosa cardiology chest clinical comatose
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
is usually caused ... the underlying cause ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... management #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
electrolyte abnormality caused ... among the possible causes ... asymptomatic to seizures ... stimulated in states of low ... activated in states of low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia), Low
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ... -> Withdrawal seizure ... Systemic effect -> Nausea ... vomiting, diarrhea, hyponatremia ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview What Is It? • Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused ... changes and may cause ... Rhabdomyolysis • Seizures ... , K, Mg2+) • Slow ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Chronic SVC Stenosis with Caudal Blood Flow of Dilated Abdominal Veins 60 y/o hx of seizures &
60 y/o hx of seizures ... presenting after seizure ... What is the cause ... #Milking #SVC #syndrome ... #Video #Chest #PhysicalExam
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 Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes Reflexes: • Knee - L2, L3, L4 • Ankle - S1
• Cauda Equina Syndrome ... - Low back pain ... Commonly caused ... dysaesthesia, neurogenic ... sensory #motor #leg #physicalexam
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... : • Pathophysiology ... dysrhythmias, seizures ... , Elevated Cr, Low
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