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diagnosis differential nephrology symptoms hyponatremia management psychiatry pulmonary algorithm cardiology edema ncpe noncardiogenic adh aids alzheimersdisease anticonvulsants bulimianervosa classification comatose
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
is usually caused ... the underlying cause ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... management #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
Hyponatremia (<135 ... electrolyte abnormality caused ... asymptomatic to seizures ... stimulated in states of low ... activated in states of low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia), Low
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases): - Increasing
mutations - Down syndrome ... chromosome 21) Signs ... dysfunction: myoclonic seizure ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... geriatrics #diagnosis #signs
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... dysrhythmias, seizures ... , Elevated Cr, Low
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ... -> Withdrawal seizure ... Systemic effect -> Nausea ... vomiting, diarrhea, hyponatremia ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview What Is It? • Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused ... changes and may cause ... Rhabdomyolysis • Seizures ... , K, Mg2+) • Slow ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework High Altitude Pulmonary Edema: • Accumulation
Tachypnea, - Low-grade ... and diffuse Neurogenic ... hemorrhage, and seizure ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms
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