4 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... tachycardia • Seizures
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure ... acidosis - CPK elevation
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
circulation If drugs, seizures ... Heavy exercise - Seizures ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome ... #typea #typeb #classification