7 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... sweat Heat Injury ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Cryoglobulinemia Summary

Cryoglobulins:
 • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
causing endothelial injury ... Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... factor level • Low ... diagnosis #types #classification ... #rheumatology #
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
anti-Smith Ab, low ... Skin Disease Classification ... Non-autoimmune rheumatologic ... • Psychosis • Seizures ... , lymphopenia, low
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
liver or renal injury ... Heavy exercise - Seizures ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome ... #typea #typeb #classification
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
VASCULITIS: • Behçet Syndrome ... • Cogan Syndrome ... • Complement (Low ... differential #diagnosis #rheumatology ... #classification
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
neuromuscular injury ... the epithelial sodium ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... High #Potassium #Classification