10 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... 3 questions to work ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... #nephrology #sodium
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2)
 • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Ischemia, Compartment Syndrome ... Hypothermia & Shivering, Seizures ... Beta-Agonists, ↑ work ... toxic alcohols, Sodium ... in Short Bowel Syndrome
Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Unexplained increase in ETCO2 AND tachycardia AND increased
possible fresh gas flow ... metoprolol Metabolic acidosis ... hyperventilate, sodium ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
- Differential Diagnosis ... Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Local Anaesthetic Toxicity - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Signs of severe toxicity:
 • Sudden alteration in
Guidelines for Crises ... may help reduce acidosis ... A). ❼ Control seizures ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
Intraoperative Hypertension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Hypertension is most commonly due to inappropriate depth of
Guidelines for Crises ... Check fresh gas flow ... overload / TURP syndrome ... intracranial pressure, seizure ... #Management #Workup
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Cardiac Arrest - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

The probable cause is one or more of: something
Guidelines for Crises ... toxicity (→ 3-10) Acidosis ... Guidelines for crises ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
hormones that work ... for Refeeding Syndrome ... both conditions, low ... #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #management