292 results
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
• Common Causes ... GI - glossitis (pain ... of tongue), abd pain ... , alcohol use, symptoms ... Check for IF ab Treatment
Mechanisms of Pain
Mixed - Nociceptive/Neuropathic
Nociceptive - Tissue Damage
 - Visceral - (From organ/cavity lining) Poorly localized,
Mechanisms of Pain ... - Nociceptive/Neuropathic ... Complex regional pain ... Spinal injury #Pain ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Pancreatic Cyst Diagnosis on Endoscopic Ultrasound EUS
Features of low cancer risk: No symptoms caused by the
cancer risk: No symptoms ... caused by the cyst ... high cancer risk: Symptoms ... caused by the cyst ... and vomiting, or pain
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... spine Signs / Symptoms ... sensation, etc) • Neuropathic ... pain (shooting, ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #symptoms
Radiculopathy: Signs and Symptoms
 • Back/Neck Pain
 • Decr Range of motion
 • Abnormal posturing
 •
Radiculopathy: Signs and Symptoms ... • Back/Neck Pain ... nerve root) • Neuropathic ... Pain: -> Shooting ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Bone/Joint Causes ... Hematoma Venous Causes ... Edema Arterial Causes ... • Neuropathy (DM ... syndrome, peroneal neuropathy
Dysphagia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Structural
 • Tumors
 • Zenker's Diverticulum
 • Foreign Bodv
Neuromuscular Toxic/Metabolic
 • Myasthenia
Intermittent Symptoms ... Achalasia • Diabetic Neuropathy ... Intermittent Symptoms ... Web Progressive Symptoms ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome - Herpes Zoster Oticus 
Triad:
1. Ipsilateral facial paralysis 
2. Ear pain 
3. Vesicles
Ear pain 3. ... Peripheral motor neuropathy ... Oticus #Diagnosis #Symptoms
Causes of Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Always assess for red flags. If no red flags,
Causes of Back Pain ... constitutional symptoms ... deficits, nocturnal pain ... Unresolved Radicular Symptoms ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Dengue Fever - Diagnosis and Management Summary 
Dengue Fever → Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever →Dengue Hemorrhagic Shock
Headache, Retroocular pain ... test, Abdominal pain ... Myalgia Diagnosis: Symptoms ... days - NAAT • Symptoms ... 7 days (Ig)M Treatment