11 results
Causes of Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Massive Hemoptysis (>I00 mL in 24 hours)
 • Malignancy
 •
Malformation Normal ... CXR/CT • Hematemesis ... Bronchitis Diffuse CT ... Abnormalities • CHF ... polyangiitis Vascular
Previous normal chest x-ray (left) and CHF stage II with perihilar haze (right). On the left
Previous normal ... diameter of the pulmonary ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #Lateral # ... CHF #Vascular #Engorgement
Stage I - Redistribution
In a normal chest film with the patient standing erect, the pulmonary vessels
Redistribution In a normal ... The pulmonary vascular ... during a period of CHF ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Cephalization
There are three principal varieties of pulmonary edema: cardiac, overhydration and increased capillary permeability (ARDS). 
The
principal varieties of pulmonary ... The vascular pedicle ... edema (6): - Normal ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Vascular
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
More Specific Signs ... 0.25), murmur of valvular ... Chest x-ray: signs ... → no signs of CXR ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
purpura: Strong sign ... pulse deficits vascular ... affects the skin, neurologic ... cognitive impairment, neurologic ... Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF
Artery-to-bronchus ratio 
Normally the vessels in the upper lobes are smaller than the accompanying bronchus with
Artery-to-bronchus ratio Normally ... redistribution of pulmonary ... diameter > 3 mm (normal ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Vascular
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
murmur 3/6) - Pulmonary ... neuroexam - Oral ... disease b) CHF ... - Peripheral vascular ... days before Pulmonary
Dilation of the azygos vein is a sign of increased right atrial pressure and is usually
azygos vein is a sign ... the width of the vascular ... is most likely abnormal ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Azygous
Stage III - Alveolar edema
This stage is characterized by continued fluid leakage into the interstitium, which
The following signs ... increased width of the vascular ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Alveolar ... #Pulmonary #Edema