126 results
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
= (urine magnesium ... cells FEMg >4% = renal ... if renal function ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm #differential ... #low
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Hypermagnesemia Increased magnesium ... load - Magnesium-containing ... magnesium absorption ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency, adrenal ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Differential Diagnosis ... Baseline plasma ACTH Low ... insufficiency • Low ... Insufficiency #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Magnesium deficiency
 - Hypoparathyroidism 
 - Hypoalbuminemia (Pseudohypocalcemia)
 - Vitamin D
Hypocalcemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm - Magnesium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #differential
Hirsutism & Virilization - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADRENAL EXCESS
Ovarian
 • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
 • Hyperthecosis
 • Tumor
Adrenal
Virilization - Differential ... • Congenital Adrenal ... Syndrome Tumor Low ... #Virilization #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential ... Algorithm • Low ... Magnesium, High ... Magnesium - Functional ... Hypocalcemia #Workup #Differential
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Renal ... Hypomagnesemia #differential ... causes #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • Autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency
 • Adrenoleukodystrophy,
Adrenal Insufficiency ... - Differential ... Algorithm Primary Adrenal ... Insufficiency #Differential ... Workup #Algorithm #endocrinology
Primary vs Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency - Pathophysiology
Primary AI = adrenal glands themselves are the problem. This
aldosterone will be low ... Low ACTH leads to ... limited adrenal ... stimulation, thus low ... Pathophysiology #endocrinology
Chvostek Sign on Physical Exam

Young man presented with history of fatigue, muscle cramps and features suggestive
ionized calcium low ... Serum magnesium ... #Hypocalcemia #endocrinology