15 results
Common Etiologies of Cirrhosis

Inflammation

 - Hepatitis B (15 percent)

 - Hepatitis C (47 percent)

 - Schistosomiasis
Inflammation - Hepatitis ... congenital - Primary biliary ... Nonalcoholic fatty liver ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Hepatology #Cirrhosis
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Elevated Liver Enzymes ... • Pregnancy - AFLP ... • Alcoholic hepatitis ... Infiltrative • Cirrhosis ... Duct Stone • Biliary
Ascites - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis) - 80%
Underlying malignancy - 10%
Congestive heart
Ascites - Differential ... Diagnosis Chronic liver ... or chronic hepatitis ... Failure, Pancreatic, Biliary ... #Diagnosis #hepatology
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Abnormal Liver Function ... Tests - Differential ... Congenital, Others, Cirrhosis ... - CBD stone, Biliary ... Algorithm #diagnosis #hepatology
Hepatomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malignant
 • Primary Carcinoma
 • Metastases
 • Lymphoma
 • Leukemia
 • Polycythemia
Hepatomegaly - Differential ... Non-Malignant • Fatty Liver ... Cholangitis • Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis #Hepatomegaly ... Algorithm #Causes #Hepatology
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
protein ≤ 2.5 g/dL: Cirrhosis ... syndrome, Massive liver ... syndrome SAAG < 1.1: Biliary ... #gradient #hepatology ... #differential #
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
Production: • Albumin ... • Near normal ... : < 1 • Cirrhosis ... chemistry #diagnosis #differential ... #Hepatology #transaminitis
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
- Differential ... Extrahepatic - Biliary ... : < 1 • Cirrhosis ... #differential # ... diagnosis #algorithm #hepatology
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
Hypertension - Differential ... INR, bilirubin, albumin ... /acute hepatitis ... pregnancy • Primary biliary ... Diagnosis #causes #hepatology
Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG) - Differential Diagnosis
High albumin gradient (>1.1 g/dl):
 - Cirrhosis	
 - Alcoholic
>1.1 g/dl): - Cirrhosis ... - Alcoholic hepatitis ... - Acute fatty liver ... Tuberculosis - Biliary ... #Diagnosis #hepatology