11 results
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
albumin gradient ... syndrome, Massive liver ... syndrome SAAG < 1.1: Biliary ... #albumin #gradient ... #hepatology #differential
Ascites - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis) - 80%
Underlying malignancy - 10%
Congestive heart
Ascites - Differential ... Diagnosis Chronic liver ... cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis ... Failure, Pancreatic, Biliary ... Diagnosis #hepatology
Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG) - Differential Diagnosis
High albumin gradient (>1.1 g/dl):
 - Cirrhosis	
 - Alcoholic
Serum Ascites Albumin ... - Alcoholic hepatitis ... - Massive liver ... Tuberculosis - Biliary ... Diagnosis #hepatology
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
develops (DIC, ascites ... Antithrombin Ill • Ultrasound ... infiltration) Differential ... Diagnosis: Viral Hepatitis ... Pregnancy #hepatology
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
- Differential ... Extrahepatic - Biliary ... - Obstruction: Biliary ... #differential # ... diagnosis #algorithm #hepatology
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
Check Acute viral hepatitis ... Production: • Albumin ... • Near normal ... chemistry #diagnosis #differential ... #Hepatology #transaminitis
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Elevated Liver Enzymes ... • Pregnancy - AFLP ... • Alcoholic hepatitis ... Duct Stone • Biliary ... Others #LFTs #Hepatology
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
Hypertension - Differential ... INR, bilirubin, albumin ... Cirrhosis/acute hepatitis ... pregnancy • Primary biliary ... Diagnosis #causes #hepatology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
obstruction • ALP ... or higher • Liver ... bile ducts Differential ... Diagnosis: • Viral hepatitis ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology
Abnormal liver function tests algorithm.
 This figure details the initial response to abnormal liver blood tests.
include extrahepatic biliary ... ALP, alkaline phosphatase ... mellitus; USS, ultrasound ... Abnormal #Algorithm #Hepatology ... #Differential #