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algorithm hypokalemia management sodium hypernatremia potassium table classification hypomagnesemia alkalosis magnesium medications metabolic pharmacology polyuria siadh workup criticalcare hypomg hypophosphatemia
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... • Osmotic diuresis ... Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
- Osmotic diuretic ... , Loop diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , osmotic (solute ... #Differential # ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... administration • Osmotic ... diuresis (see Polyuria ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... alkalosis, Ketonuria, Osmotic ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Excess Intake of Water: • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia") •
- Differential ... Solute (a.k.a. osmotic ... • Central Dl (Low ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... patients at risk for osmotic ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Treatment ... #management #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... , Osmotic diuresis ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypokalemia - Osmotic ... diuresis - ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... Classification #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low intake • poor oral intake Renal loss • Medication • Hypomagnesemia •
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic ... diuresis • Mineralocorticoids ... #Causes #Classification
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