25 results
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
- Osmotic diuretic ... , Loop diuretics ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... , osmotic (solute ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Osmotic diuresis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Summary of Diuretic ... • Triamterene OSMOTIC ... DIURETICS • Mannitol ... Pharmacology #summary #table ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... alkalosis, Ketonuria, Osmotic ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia Correction
1. Indications for Hypertonic Saline: seizure, coma, focal findings
   - typically occurs with
Hyponatremia Correction ... Overcorrection of Hyponatremia ... → Osmotic Demyelination ... 3cc/kg/h, loop diuretics ... rate #management #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... volume loss - diuretics ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypokalemia - Osmotic ... diuresis - ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
- Differential Diagnosis ... administration • Osmotic ... diuresis (see Polyuria ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
periodic paralysis Osmotic ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table