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differential algorithm hyponatremia neurology sodium syndrome classification table hypokalemia low pharmacology workup hypomagnesemia magnesium medications polyuria siadh barre criticalcare encephalopathy
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Osmotic diuresis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
- Osmotic diuretic ... , Loop diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... , osmotic (solute ... ) diuresis • Euvolemic ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... alkalosis, Ketonuria, Osmotic ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... administration • Osmotic ... diuresis (see Polyuria ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Hyponatremia Correction 1. Indications for Hypertonic Saline: seizure, coma, focal findings - typically occurs with
Hyponatremia Correction ... → Osmotic Demyelination ... 3cc/kg/h, loop diuretics ... Correction #goal #rate #management ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... , Osmotic diuresis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Diagnosis and Management of Hypernatremia #Hypernatremia #Differential #Algorithm #Causes #Nephrology #Diagnosis ** GrepMed Recommended Text: Nephrology Secrets -
Diagnosis and Management ... of Hypernatremia ... #Hypernatremia ... Differential #Algorithm #Causes ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... the underlying cause ... patients at risk for osmotic ... #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
periodic paralysis Osmotic ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
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