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diagnosis differential causes management algorithm pharmacology pathophysiology hypernatremia hyponatremia hypokalemia sodium table classification hypomg low magnesium nephron polyuria workup action
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron 1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) 2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol) 3) Loop
Diuretics sites ... inhibitor) 2) Osmotic ... diuretics (e.g. ... #pharmacology #nephrology ... #medications #sites
Summary of Diuretic Agents Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Summary of Diuretic ... • Triamterene OSMOTIC ... DIURETICS • Mannitol ... #Medications #Pharmacology ... summary #table #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypomagnesemia - ... Renal Loses - Medications ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic ... diuresis -
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action Diuretics 1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin 2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics) 3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide) 4)
Pathophysiology - Diuretic ... Sites of Action Diuretics ... canagliflozin 2) Osmotic ... Pathophysiology #Diuretics ... Sites #Action #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... Alcoholism (worsened by hypomagnesemia ... , Osmotic diuresis ... Fever Other: - Hypomagnesemia ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action 1) Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic
the Nephron - Diuretics ... Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic ... Diuretics (e.g. ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology ... #Nephron #Diuretics
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
concentrating defect: • Diuretics ... • Osmotic diuresis ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
hypernatremia - Osmotic ... diuretic, Loop ... diuretics, Postobstructive ... diuresis - Extrarenal ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low intake • poor oral intake Renal loss • Medication • Hypomagnesemia •
Renal loss • Medication ... • Hypomagnesemia ... • Osmotic diuresis
Causes of Hypomagnesemia Redistribution: - IV glucose - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis - IV hyperalimentation - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... - Saline or osmotic ... diuresis - Potassium ... Drugs: - Loop diuretics ... #differential #medications
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