502 results
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
Orbital Cellulitis ... anterior to the orbital ... • Involves the orbit ... #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
What?
 • Unilateral orbital/retrobulbar pain
 • Paresis of the cranial nerves Ill, IV, VI
 •
• Unilateral orbital ... sinus, superior orbital ... fissure or orbit ... TolosaHunt #neurology #diagnosis
Proptosis - Differential Diagnosis - Unilateral vs Bilateral
Unilateral:
 • Infections (can become bilateral with cavernous sinus
- Differential Diagnosis ... thrombosis) - Orbital ... Vascular - Orbital ... Tvumor - Orbital ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Atraumatic Red Eye - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Lids / Orbit / Lacrimal System:
 • Blepharitis
 • Stye
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Lids / Orbit ... cellulitis • Orbital ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Preseptal Cellulitis vs Orbital Cellulitis
Preseptal Cellulitis
 • Unlikely to have complications
 • Due to external source
Cellulitis vs Orbital ... Strep, Anaerobes Orbital ... #Preseptal #orbital ... Cellulitis #comparison #diagnosis
Important Causes of Diplopia 
TIER 1-CRITICAL
Basilar artery thrombosis, Botulism, Basilar meningitis, Aneurysmn
TIER 2-EMERGENT:
Vertebral dissection, Myasthenia gravis,
encephalopathy, Orbital ... Ischemic neuropathy, Orbital ... , pseudotumor, Orbital ... #differential #diagnosis
Pharmacologic Management of Constipation 
Fiber Laxatives
 - Bran powder
 - Psyllium
 - Methylcellulose
 - Calcium polycarbophil
Pharmacologic Management ... Lactulose or 70% sorbitol ... #Constipation #Pharmacologic ... #Management #Pharmacology
Differential diagnoses for the neuro-ophthalmologic finding of diplopia.
Neoplastic: 
 • Intraorbital meningioma 
 • Pituitary adenoma
Differential diagnoses ... syndrome • Orbital ... pseudotumor • Orbital ... blowout fracture of orbital ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Pathophysiology of the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and inhibitors

#Pathophysiology #Pharmacology #RAAS #Renin #Angiotensin #Aldosterone #System #ACEInhibitors
Pathophysiology ... inhibitors #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology #
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

 • Paresthesia of 5th and medial half of 4th
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome ... Tinel sign over cubital ... CubitalTunnel #Syndrome #Diagnosis ... #pathophysiology