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diagnosis management nephrology differential treatment hyponatremia causes siadh acute aki algorithm bandemia cbc cerebral cerebritis cns comparison crisis ebv erythematosus
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
Hyponatremia (<135 ... asymptomatic to seizures ... hypervolemic, hypovolemic ... #hyponatremia #ADH ... #RAAS #Hypovolemia
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 1) Neurological event 2) Sodium loss from tubules 3) Naturiesis →
Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology ... 4) Hypovolaemia ... → ADH → water reabsorption ... SaltWasting #SIADH #Pathophysiology ... diagnosis #nephrology #hyponatremia
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
majority of cases, ADH ... Calculate serum osmolality ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... Measure urine osmolality ... of symptomatic (seizures
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urea, uric acid, osmolarity ... remains unclear AND hypovolaemia ... investigations depending on clinical ... fragmentocytes, LDH
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Erythematosus (SLE) Clinical ... Movement disorders, Seizure ... Disease, PRES Pathophysiology ... CNS #neurology #rheumatology
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Pathophysiology ... accumulation of clinical ... Assessment • Clinical ... >2400 Ul/ml, ↑ LDH ... treatment #summary #rheumatology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
exertion/training - Seizures ... Dermatomyositis Clinical ... Aldolase ↑ • LDH ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia
Bandemia Overview Normal: < 1% Clinically significant: > 10% Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
Normal: < 1% Clinically ... Diagnosis: • Seizures ... likelihood of negative clinical ... neutrophil #WBC #CBC #hematology ... #pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
tubule (DCT) Clinical ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... tachycardia • Seizures ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology ... #Hypokalemia
Scleroderma Renal Crisis (SRC) Clinical Presentation of Scleroderma Renal Crisis: 1) Acute kidney injury 2) Abrupt onset of hypertension 3)
Crisis (SRC) Clinical ... anemia (MAHA) Pathophysiology ... uncontrolled with ACEi, add ... Renal #Crisis #rheumatology
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